HPV and the Importance of its Vaccination

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viral infections globally, affecting both males and females, often without obvious symptoms. In Nigeria and many parts of the world, HPV spreads silently through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Though often harmless and cleared by the immune system, some strains of HPV can lead to serious health problems, including cervical, throat, anal, and penile cancers, as well as genital warts.

HPV is a DNA virus with over 100 types, but about 14 are considered high-risk. Types 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. In many developing countries, including Nigeria, cervical cancer remains a major public health issue, partly because of limited awareness, poor screening uptake, and low vaccination coverage.

The infection often begins unnoticed. A person can contract HPV and not know for months or even years. During this time, the virus may slowly alter cervical cells. Over time, these abnormal cells can develop into cancer if left undetected or untreated. This is why regular cervical screening (such as Pap smears) and early vaccination are so important.

The HPV vaccine, when given early, preferably before sexual debut (ages 9–14), offers strong protection against the most dangerous strains of the virus. The World Health Organization recommends vaccinating both girls and boys to break the chain of transmission. Despite its effectiveness, uptake in Nigeria is still low due to myths, misinformation, and limited access.

Vaccination is not a green light for risky behavior; instead, it is a shield, just like wearing a seatbelt doesn’t mean you should drive recklessly. It is one part of a larger prevention strategy that includes health education, regular screening, and safe practices.

Here’s what you can do:

1. Vaccinate early: Girls (and boys) aged 9–14 should receive the HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active.
2. Stay informed: Understand that HPV is not just a “women’s issue.” Men can carry and transmit the virus too.
3. Screen regularly: Women aged 25 and above should undergo routine cervical screening (Pap smear or HPV DNA test).
4. Avoid stigma: HPV is common. Having it doesn’t mean a person is promiscuous or careless. It means they’re human and vulnerable.
5. Promote awareness: Talk about HPV in schools, churches, youth groups, and clinics. The more we normalize the conversation, the more lives we save.

HPV is preventable. Cervical cancer is treatable if caught early. But silence and inaction allow the disease to thrive. Protect yourself. Protect others. Get vaccinated, get screened, and help spread awareness and not the virus.