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What you need to know about Hepatitis B
- Peace Oregbesan
Hepatitis B, a viral infection affecting the liver, is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). For most people, hepatitis B is short-term, also called acute, and lasts less than six months. But for others, the infection becomes chronic, meaning it lasts more than six months. Having chronic hepatitis B increases your risk of developing liver failure, liver cancer, or cirrhosis (a condition that permanently scars the liver). Hepatitis B is a significant global health concern. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and prevention measures is crucial for both individual health and public health initiatives.
Symptoms
Many people with Hepatitis B may not experience symptoms initially. However, as the infection progresses, symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting may occur. In severe cases, it can lead to liver failure or liver cancer.
Transmission
Hepatitis B can be spread through contact with infected blood, semen, or other bodily fluids. This can occur through unprotected sexual activity, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth.
Prevention
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent Hepatitis B, but there’s no cure if you have the condition. It’s typically administered in a series of three or four shots over several months. Practicing safe sex, avoiding sharing needles, and using sterile equipment for tattoos and piercings are also crucial preventative measures.
Treatment
While there is no cure for Hepatitis B, antiviral medications can help manage the infection and reduce the risk of complications. Regular monitoring and medical care are essential for those living with Hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection, but with proper prevention and management strategies, its impact can be minimized. The Slum and Rural Health is raising awareness in the northern and southern states of Nigeria to educate, and offer free screening and vaccination against Hepatitis B. By raising this awareness and practicing safe behaviors, we can work towards reducing the burden of Hepatitis B worldwide.